By Wegayehu Muluneh
On March 1 of every year, Ethiopia commemorates a pivotal moment in its history - the Battle of Adwa. This decisive victory against the Italian forces in 1896 stands as a testament to patriotic esilience and its successful defense against colonial expansion.
By the late 19th century, European powers were actively colonizing Africa. In 1889, Italy, driven by its own imperial ambitions, signed the Treaty of Wuchale with Ethiopia. However, this treaty contained a hidden clause misinterpreted by the Italians as granting them a protectorate over Ethiopia. This misinterpretation led to rising tensions, culminating in the declaration of war by Italy in 1895.
Emperor Menelik II, determined to protect Ethiopia's sovereignty, mobilized a vast army of over 120,000 soldiers. The Ethiopian forces, equipped with modern weaponry alongside traditional swords and spears, marched north to meet the Italians near the town of Adwa.
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)
On March 1, 1896, the two forces clashed in a fierce battle. Despite initial Italian advancements, the tide turned as the Ethiopians held their ground and launched a series of counterattacks. By the end of the day, the Italian army was decisively defeated, with heavy losses and thousands of prisoners captured.
Adwa turned Ethiopia into the symbol of redemption and freedom for black people. Marcus Garvey, W.E.B. Du Bois, Bob Marley, George Padmore and others drew inspiration from the African victory. The first Afro-Brazilian newspaper was named O Menelick, publishing pride in black identity and African connection with prominent women writers from 1915-1916. Adwa served as a bridge between black individuals and the ancient splendor and promising prospects of Africa, as eloquently expressed by Marcus Garvey.
The Ethiopian flag, featuring green, yellow, and red, was embraced by numerous African nations following their independence from colonial rule, along with the establishment of a common national anthem for people of African descent.
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)
The Battle of Adwa marked a turning point in African history. It was a rare instance where an African nation successfully defeated a European power at the height of the colonial era. This victory became a beacon of hope and inspiration for other colonized nations, demonstrating the possibility of resistance against European domination.
Beyond its immediate impact, the Battle of Adwa continues to hold profound significance for Ethiopia and Africa as a whole. It serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of national unity, self-determination, and the courage to defend one's freedom.
On March 02, 2024, Ethiopia celebrates the 128th legacy of Adwa not only as a historical victory but also as a symbol of national pride and a call to continue striving for a just and equitable world. The battle's enduring message of resilience and resistance continues to inspire future generations to fight for their rights and aspirations.//